Forty years or so ago I found my first wire jack knife. At that time I wasn't really sure what it was, but I liked it so I bought it for my knife collection. At that time I had mostly bone-handled pre WWII American made knives in my collection; but as I continued to buy these wire jacks, my collection grew. One time at the Springfield knife show I had a table next to a gentleman who told me he designed a perfect knife that had the fewest possible parts. He showed me his design of only five different parts and then I showed him one of my wire jacks with only three parts. He was truly amazed!
Over
time I continued to specialize in collecting wire jacks. It was always easy to
trade someone a bone-handled knife for a couple of old wire jacks, so my
collection grew and grew. To this day, most collectors don't seem much
interested in wire jacks and some don't even put them on display at shows - as
they save their space for more valuable stuff. However, if you ask the folks at
the tables, quite a few have one that they can pull out and sell you.
Most
collectors still don't know a whole lot about Wire Jack knives. I believe that
these knives were one of the most ingenious designs ever conceived because of
their simplicity and their great functionality. I still carry one with me for
every day use. I prefer the pruner blade and the 1926 version because I like
the steel in that one better as it is slightly higher in carbon and cuts real
well.
The
earliest patent for a wire handle jack knife was granted to George E.
Finkenbiner on October 13, 1914. He filed for the patent on July 8, 1913. The
sketch on this patent is similar to the George Schrade 3 & 1/4 inch spear
blade without a cap lifter. Another patent was granted to Frank P. Hemming on
December 4, 1917. He filed for his patent on July 12, 1917. The sketch on this
patent is similar to the George Schrade 4 & 3/4 inch clip blade knife.
However, I am not aware that either of these two knives was actually ever
manufactured or marketed. Later in 1926, George Schrade also filed for and also
received a patent for his version of the wire handled jack knife and these were
produced and sold by the millions.
George
Schrade was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, February 13, 1860. He learned
the toolmaker and machinist trades. In the mid 1880’s he work in a small shop
in New York City making mechanical models for the U.S. Patent office, he also
had patents on many inventions of his own. George is probably most famous for
developing various types of switchblade knives, and there is a lot of
information available about them. However, George also invented an improved
version of the "Wire Jack" knife and this is the focus of this chat.
George started the Press Button Knife Co., a
licensed division of Walden Knife Company, (1892 - 1923) Walden, NY. In 1904
George left the Walden Knife Co. and started Schrade Cutlery (1904 - 1946),
also in Walden, along with his two brothers, Jacob Louis and William. Early
knives were contract made in Germany.
Sometime later (around 1910) George traveled to
Europe, initially trying to find outlets to sell his cutlery machinery. He had
some success in England, but by 1913 he ended up in Solingen, Germany where he
set up a push-button knife factory. He returned to the US in 1916 due to WWI
(after having all of his equipment and supplies confiscated by the German
government). George then began working for Challenge Cutlery in Bridgeport, CT.
He manufactured the Flylock knife for Challenge at his plant at 46 Seymour
Street in Bridgeport.
In 1928 Challenge Cutlery went out of business,
never making the "Wire Jack" that George patented in 9/21/1926. The
patent stated, "The object of the invention is to produce a pocket knife
of simple construction comprising but two main parts which are economical to
manufacture and convenient and efficient in use."
In early 1929, George started his own company making
"Wire Jacks" at Kossuth Street in Bridgeport, using equipment he got
from Challenge Cutlery - in exchange for money they owed him for the rights for
the Flylock invention. I now believe that the very first wire jacks were
stamped "G. SCHRADE B-PORT CONN PAT. APLD. FOR". These are very rare
and I only have ever seen two of them, both have spear blades. Like other small
wire jacks, neither of them has the thumbnail opener on the blade.
The earliest common "Wire Jacks" are
stamped "WIRE JACK" on the tang with a patent date of 9/21/1926.
These are 3 & 1/4 inch closed. In addition to the spear blades, George made
a lot of the pruner or hawk bill patterns that were widely used as advertising
knives for various other companies. Later 1926 versions are stamped "Geo
Schrade" (curved) and some of them spell out the word
"BRIDGEPORT"; some forks also have this 1926 stamp. The 1926 spear
blades came with and without a cap lifter slot.
The Case Cutlery Company also sold a "Wire
Jack" pattern knife (W1216) using a couple of variations on their tang
stamps e.g. "CASE TESTED XX" and "CASE PAT. 9-21-26". In
both of these stamps, the word "CASE" is the older "tested"
1920-1940 versions. The stamp could appear either above or below the cap
lifter. These "Case" knives were made entirely in the Schrade company
in Bridgeport, Ct. This was common for one knife company to make knives for
another, incidentally, Schrade also made "Pull Balls" for Case and
large switchblades for Remington.
Both Boy and Girl Scouts used these "Wire
Jack" knives in their utensil kits. The first Boy Scout kits were
available in their October 1932 catalog item #1384 and the three-piece set sold
for only one dollar. The Girl Scout versions came later. Many of the forks
(about 1/2) are stamped "1/72/42" in error; the correct stamp is
"1/27/42". However, before the three piece Boy Scout kits, George
Schrade had a "Scout Chow Kit" that came in a smaller leather case
and did NOT have a spoon. In this older kit, the knife was usually either a
"1926 curved Geo Schrade" stamp or a "Wire jack" stamp
w/cap lifter slot. The fork looked the same as the other forks and came with
one of the older tang stamps. Many of these kits had customized embossing on
the leather pouch, e.g. "Souvenir of Mohawk Trail".
George died in 1940 and had 35 employees at the
time. George's heirs continued to run the business after his death. By 1942
George M. Schrade (son) reapplied for new patents and started using a newer
tang stamp with the 1942 date. The earliest 1942 knives still had "GEO
SCHRADE" curved; newer versions straightened out the name and eventually
changed the abbreviation of the state to "CT". These knives were now
made with more stainless steel whereas the older knives were higher in carbon.
They also produced several larger "Wire Jack" knives of 4 inch and 4
& 3/4 inch and added a fish blade pattern in the large knife (all of the 3
& 1/4 inch 1942 spear blades now had cap lifter slots). I have also seen a
picture of a Wire Jack Axe on a 4 & 3/4 inch wire frame. The family ran the
business until 1956 when they sold out to Boker. At that time the company had
grown to 100 employees. Boker continued the small 3 & 1/4 inch pruner
"Wire Jack" pattern with their own stamp until 1958 when they were
discontinued (I have never seen any other Boker patterns). Boker’s main product
in the old Schrade plant was a switchblade and in 1958 when Congress banned
switchblades they had to close.
One other very rare Schrade wire jack came with a
copper blade for working around explosives. One I have seen had the words
"Heitzman Blasting Plug Co. Shamokin, Penn." etched on the copper
blade, but those letters were barely visible. The tang was stamped "GEO.
SCHRADE PAT. 9-21-26 B'PORT, CONN."
I also have a few mis-stamped wire jacks, some with
missing information, some stamped on the back of the tang. I even have one with
"W1216" stamped on the back but without any stamp on the front. I
have seen one other tang stamp on a wire jack frame; it was A.W. Wadsworth
& Sons, Germany. Because wire jacks were so inexpensive, it seemed odd that
someone would put another blade on one of them; therefore, I explored the
possibility that Schrade had some early models made in Germany. I had really
hoped this was a valid tang stamp as it would be a unique addition to my
collection. I completed a thorough study that included sending it to another
collector (Dennis Ellingsen) for his inspection and opinion. After all that, I
am convinced that the knife is NOT real. (It also had a useless thumbnail
opener on the blade). This raises the question of why anyone would put a
Wadsworth blade on a wire jack frame? The most likely scenario that I can
envision is that 75 or so years ago someone owned a new Wadsworth knife and
broke the handle. Not wanting to waste a perfectly good blade, a wire jack
frame was easy to mount the blade on. Then for the next 75 years, the knife and
frame wore, pitted and aged together so that today they look like they have
always been together.
